


VOLUME XVI 



NUMBER 30 



The 

Ohio State University 

Bulletin 



MANUAL TRAINING FOR THE GRADES 

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION 




April, 1912 



PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY AT COLUMBUS 

Entered as second-class matter November 17, 1905, at the postoffice 
at Columbus, Ohio, under Act of Congress, July 16, 1894. 



Monograph 



^^ 



A^ 



THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY 



ORGANIZATION 

The Ohio State University, located at Columbus, forms a part of 
the public educational system maintained by the State. It comprises 
seven colleges and a graduate school : 

The College of Agriculture. 

The College of Arts, Philosophy and Science. 

The College of Education. 

The College of Engineering. 

The College of Law. 

The College of Pharmacy. 

The College of Veterinary Medicine. 

The Graduate School. 

The University publishes bulletins describing the work of each 
of these colleges. Copies may be obtained by addressing W. E. 
Mann, University Editor, Columbus, Ohio. Persons desiring in- 
formation are invited to send for the bulletin of that college in 
which they are interested. 



COLLEGE OF EDUCATION 

This College is one of the instrumentalities of the State for the 
training of teacher's. It offers practical and theoretical courses for 
the professional training of high school teachers and principals, of 
principals of elementary schools, of supervisors of special studies, of 
superintendents of school systems, and of instructors in normal schools. 
Its purpose is to assist the student in the acquirement of a knowledge 
of the branches which he wishes to teach, to give him a right attitude 
toward education, and to establish in him a skill in the use of efficient 
methods of teaching. 

The demand for trained teachers has increased rapidlv. The 
College has been in existence for five years, and has graduated four 
classes. All its graduates were appointed to positions as soon as they 
were ready for them. The call for teachers in certain lines, viz., 
science, mathematics, and manual training, has been greater than the 
college couid supply. It is earnestly hoped that many students may 
see the opportunity open in these fields and prepare for the work. 

The effort of the college is to bring into proper adjustment within 
the limits of a four-year course the academic training, the theoretical 
professional training, and the practical professional training necessary 
for a teacher. 



College of Education 5 

FACULTY AND INSTRUCTORS 

WiixiAM OxLEY Thompson, D. D., LL. D., President of the Uni- 
versity. 

William W. Boyd, Ph. D., Dean, Professor of School Administra- 
tion . 

William Franklin Gephart, Ph. D., Secretary, Professor of Eco- 
nomics and Sociology. 

Anna F. Blohm, B. Sc, Assistant Professor of Domestic Art. 

RossER Daniel Bohannan, B. S., C. E., E. M., Professor of Math- 
ematics. 

Alfred Dodge Cole, M. A., Professor of Physics. 

Joseph Villiers Denney, M. A., Professor of English. 

Samuel Carrol Derby, A. M., Professor of the Latin Language 
and Literature. 

M. Blakemore Evans, Ph. D., Professor of German. 

Frank P. Graves, Ph. D., LL. D., Professor of the History and 

Philosophy of Education. 
James E. HagerTy, Ph. D., Professor of Economics and Sociology. 
Thomas McDougal Hills, Ph. B., Assistant Professor of Geology. 
George Wells Knight, Ph. D., Professor of American History. 
Mary R. Layer, Professor of Art. 
Thomas Kenyon Lewis, B. Sc, Assistant Professor of Manual 

Training. 

Thomas Scott LowdEN, Ph. D,, Associate Professor of the Prin- 
ciples and Practise of Education. 

William McPherson, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry. 

David R. Major, Ph. D., Professor of Psychology. 

Wilbur Henry SiEBERT, A. M., Professor oi European History. 

Henry Russell Spencer, Ph. D., Professor of Political Science. 

Karl Dale SwARTZEL, M. Sc, Professor of Mathematics. 

Ruth Aimee Wardall, M. A., Professor of Domestic Science. 

Edna Noble White, B. A., Associate Professor of Domestic Science 

Olive Jones, B. A., Librarian. 

H. ShindlE Wingert, M. D., Professor of Physical Education. 

George L. Converse, Captain U. S. A., Professor of Military 
Science and Tactics. 

ALICE LitTlejohn, M. D., Associate Professor of Physical Educa- 
tion for Women. 



The Ohio Statk University 



MANUAL TRAINING. 

The College of Education offers a course in Manual Training 
which leads to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education. This 
course affords a broad educational foundation with enough technical 
work to prepare teachers for efficient service. It is possible to elect 
one's work so as to receive three years' instruction in woo 1, metal or 
occupational courses. 

The course of study is based on: 

1. Academic Training. 

2. Theory, Practise and Methods of Teaching Manual Training. 

3. Principles and Practise in Elementary and Technical Applied 
Design 

4. Complete Technical Training in the Laboratories. 

5. Graphic Methods by the study of Freehand Mechanical Draw- 
ing and Letlering. 

6. Principles of Psychology and Education. 

7. Design of Problems in each Laboratory Course. 

The part that these pedagogical tools have in forming a practical 
course in manual training is indicated in the following outline: 



College of Education 
COURSE IN MANUAL TRAINING 





FIRST YEAR 




First Semester 




Second Semester 




English (loi) 


2. 


English (T04) 


2. 


French or German 


4. 


French or German 


4- 


Chemistr}' (105 or 109) 


4- 


Chemistry (106 or no) 


4- 


Mathematics (121 ) 


3- 


Mathematics (122) 


3. 


Drawing (loi) 


2. 


Drawing (102) 


3. 


Art (103) 


2. 


Art (104) 


2. 


Military Drill 


I. 


Military Drill 


I. 


Gymnasium 


I. 


Gymnasium 


I. 




SECOND YEAR 




English (131) 


3- 


English (132) 


3- 


French or German 


4- 


French or German 


4. 


First year lanpuage continued. 


First year lanjruapre continued 


Psychology (loi) 


3- 


Psychology (102) 


3- 


Art (loi) 


2. 


Art (102) 


2. 


Shop work (109) 
Woodworking. 


2. 


Shopwork (114) 
Cabinetmaking 


2. 


Drawing (103) 


2. 


Shopwork (116) 

(Forginp:.) 


or 






Handwork for Supervisors 


2. 


Military Drill 


I. 


Military Drill 


I. 




THIRD 


YEAR 




Physics (103) 


4. 


Physics (104) 


4- 


Sociology (loi) 


3. 


Sociology (102) 


3- 


Psychology (107) 


2. 


Psychology (108) 


2. 


Constructive Design 


3. 


Clay Modeling 


3. 


Either Group A or Group B must be elected. 






GROUI 


» A 




Shop work (105) 
Foundry. 


2. 


Shopwork (118) 
Advanced Forging. 


2. 


Shopwork (119) 


or 


Shopwork (122) 


or 


(Elementary machines.) 




(Advanced machines.) 




Wood-Turning and Pattern 


Wood-Turning and Pattern 




Making (129) 


3- 


Making (130) 


3 




GROUI 


> B 




Sheet Metal Work 


2. 


Sheet Metal Work 


2. 


Pottery 


3- 


Pottery 


3. 



8 The Ohio State University 

FOURTH YEAR 

History of Education ( I oi) 3. History of Education (102) 3. 

Principles and Prac. (loi) 3. Principles and Prac. (102) 3. 

Teaching of Manual Train- Materials, Methods, and 

ing 3. Equipment 3. 

Elective 3 to 5. Elective 3 to 5. 

Also Group A or Group B must be elected. 





GROUP A 


Shopwork (123) 
(Machine.) 


or Shopwork (126 or 128) 
(Machine.) 


Shopwork (131) 

(Cabinet.) 


3. Shopwork (132) 

(Cabinet.) 




GROUP B 


Textiles or 


Textiles or 


Leather Work 


3. Wood Carving 



The College of Education, desiring to assist teachers of all grades, 
issues this bulletin especially for the purpose of presenting the follow- 
ing course of study in manual training for the grades, which has been 
prepared by the head of the Department of Manual Training, Assistant 
Professor Thomas K. Lewis. 

This course of study is arranged after a careful study of the work 
now being done in our leading schools, and it should prove sufficiently 
flexible to meet most of the usual requirements: variations in appro- 
priations and local conditions. It is hoped that it will meet, to a great 
extent, the following requirements, when taken with a four-year high 
school course: 

1 . To furnish a broader and more appropriate foundation for high- 
er technical education. 

2. To serve as a developing school where pupils can discover 
their capacities and aptitudes, whether in the direction of literature, 
science, engineering or the practical arts. 

3. To furnish those who look forward to industrial life, oppor- 
tunity to become familiar with tools, materials, the methods of con- 
struction and technical drawing, as well as mathematics, elementary 
science and ordinary English branches. 



College of Education 9 

4. To furnish a logical development of tool experiences and cor- 
responding mental training tbat underlies the manipulation of any 
material, and from these experiences the teacher may determine and 
organize in systematic form such educatioual activities as are best 
suited to the development of the mind. 

5. With the ability to execute in the right direction, comes the 
necessity of utilizing this ability in the construction of the beautiful 
as well as the useful, thus bringing forth the finished article in its 
highest perfection. Mere construction without the idea of beauty is 
depressing. 

Manual Training, to be universally applicable, must be so regulat- 
ed with regard to cost of equipment and maintenance that it may come 
within the reach of the district schools in our most remote sections; 
therefore the acquisition of over-equipped shops, high priced materials, 
and complex machines for the beginner should be discouraged. 

In following out this course, the construction work of the first 
five grades may be taught by the grade teacher in her class-room, 
while the work of the upper grades necessitates a construction shop 
and a teacher with special training. All the work in the high school 
is done in specially fitted shops. The cost of equipment for bench 
wood-working may be estimated between $85.00 and I200.00 for a 
class of twelve. A minimum equipment for a class of eighteen in 
paper, clay, textiles, card board, wood (knife work), metal or leather 
can be purchased for $10.00. With the initial cost for installation at 
this low figure, every district school teacher should be encouraged to 
begin at least one of these forms of manual work with the children. 

The cost of maintenance per pupil a term is estimated as follows: — 
Paper 10 cts. Metal 25 cts. 

Cardboard 20 " Advanced Wood 60 

Clay 5 " " Textile 30 

Elementary Textile 23 " Pottery 25 

" Wood 20 " Leather 50 



lo The Ohio State University 



AN OUTLINE OF MANUAL TRAINING 
FOR THE GRADES 

FIRST GRADE 

PAPER FOIvDING AND CUTTING 

Cutting to line, free cutting, folding and cutting, measuring 
one inch. 

Cutting from object, poses, animals in action, game, song and 
story. Border and centerpiece patterns for wall paper, tiles, etc., 
picture mount, sailboat, boxes, baskets, envelopes, sleds, pin wheels. 

CIvAY MODElvING 

Mass work — Training hand and eye to represent quickly the 
general shape of any object placed before the class. Three propor- 
tions. Simple detail work — Two proportions — Outlines. Type solids 
and their application to fruits and vegetables. Outlining leaves, 
flowers and conventional forms on tiles and panels. 

TEXTILES 

Three strand braid, braided mat and napkin ring. Alternation 
of woof and warp threads for purpose of binding. Simple straight 
line designing and color study in borders, band or one inch spaces of 
warp strands. Doll blankets, dish cloths, lamp mats, rugs and 
paper mats one inch strips. 

MATERIAI^S 

Eggshell, manila, and pulp drawing paper, bogus, bristol , cotton 
floss, paste. 

Second-washed potters clay or modeling composition. 

Antique cover paper, cotton wick, carpet warp, yarn, raffia, 
chenille, carpet wool, silkolene. 

TOOI.S 

Ruler graduated to i inch only. Pencil, tooth-picks, scissors, 
crayons, brush and punch. 

Modeling tools made from meat skewers or tooth brush handles. 
Oil cloth, string, clay jar. Jute board, loom, scissors, rug needles 
No. i8. 



College of Education ii 

APPIJED DESIGN 

The design is based on the power gained from the work in draw- 
ing. Lay tablets, pegs, cuttings, leaves, flowers, in rows, and appli- 
cation of design for decorating constructive problems. Construc- 
tive drawing of the project, made directly upon the material used. 
This may be secured: (i)through illustrations by the teacher (imita- 
tion), {2) by dictation, (3) by copying a model, (4) by simple black- 
board drawing, {5) by pupil planning independently to meet a given 
need. 

SUGGESTIONS 

Work out in any of the media through the help of specimens, games, 
pictures, songs, visits, etc., large charts or tableaux showing the vari- 
ous home activities and trade industries of the environment of pupil 
and school, such as washing day, ironing day, mending day, shopping 
day, sweeping day, baking day, carpenter, blacksmith, baker, shoe- 
maker. 

Furnish a doll house, which was made by an upper grade. 

Representation of a farm yard, school yard, Indian village, dairy 
yard. 

From large building blocks make houses, forts, churches, bridges. 

Constructions based on holidays, for example: Puritan hat and 
cradle, fireplace and Christmas tree trimmings, valentines, hatchet 
and colonial hat. 

SECOND GRADK 

PAPER AND CARDBOARD 

Free cutting, folding, folding and cutting to >^inch (adding, sub- 
tracting, multiplying), planning and making paper patterns, pasting, 
use of circle maker, geometrical and symmetrical cutting with their 
application, binding, tying, lacing. 

Border and center piece patterns for wall paper, tiles, rugs, 
mats. Blotting pad, easel, recipe-book, circle maker, picture frame, 
boxes, baskets, lamp shades, Indian canoe, collection envelopes. 

CLAY MODELING 

Two proportion work, emphasizing essential details, outlining 
and building up. Tile and panel form work. Simple animal forms. 



12 The Ohio State University 

TEXTII.ES 

A study of the possibilities of textile designing as brought out in 
work with paper mats. 

Wrapping, braiding, weaving, lacing, knotting, curtain, dish 
cloth, paper mat ^ inch strips, rugs or bags. Wrapped raffia napkin 
ring, picture frame or broom holder, using cardboard forms- Three 
strand braid, basket, mat or doll hat. Reed mats. 

MATERIAIvS 

Eggshell paper, manila paper, tinted bristol, folding bristol, 
court tag board, flour paste, potter's clay. 

Miner's wncking or knitting cotton, raffia, natural and assorted 
colors. Reed No. 2. 

NEW TOOIvS 

Modeling tools (nut picks) 

Ruler graduated to ^ inch, circle maker, crayons, punch, Jap- 
anese brush, rug needles, darning needles. 

APPLIED DESIGN 

Extension of the idea of design as used in the first grade. 
Shape, repetition, spacing. 

Free cutting of geometrical and symmetrical designs — to be used 
as stencils. 

SUGGESTIONS 

Representative work on shelter, dress and implements of different 
people at different periods— Settings which come up for consideration 
in the study of history, geography and English. 

Eskimo huts, boats, sleds, spears, tree man, cave man, adobe 
houses. 

Holiday constructions. Flags of the nations. Simple books for 
pupil's soelling lessons, shopping list, dictionary, envelopes. 

Construct simple compass, clock dial. 

Measures, geometrical surfaces, and solids in connection with 
number work. 

THIRD GRADE 

CARDBOARD 

Measuring % inch, binding with laps or floss, scoring, cutting 
with knife, pasting and gluing with brush, use of compass. Assem- 
bling, shaping, fitting, punching, knotting. Ability to use and make 
development drawings to y^ and % size. Ratio work. 



College of Education 13 

Wall pocket, candy boxes, button baskets, post card box, fan, 
tray. Construct house and furniture to scale, portico, art book, lan- 
tern, brush broom holder, church window, wind mill, mineral speci- 
men box. 

CLAY MODELING 

High relief, through cutting away method. 
Simple figure and statuary work. 

Conventional and geometric designs, applicable to tiles and 
panels. 

Illustrate poses, groups, animals at rest or in action, adobe houses. 

TEXTILES 

Development of weaving up to the wooden hand loom, shuttle 
and heddle stage. 

Designing in stripes, plaids, checks and centers. 

Four strand braid, and wrapped round baskets, reed baskets. 

Use inventions of the loom to make a woolen rug, silk hand bag, 
or cotton curtain. 

Basket with wooltwine filler. 

Make a needle case, using reed filler. 

MATERIALS 

Folding bristol, tinted bristol, court tag board, LePage's glue, 
flour paste. 

Colored raffia, silk knitting cotton, mercerized cotton, round 
reed Nos. 2 and 4, wool twine. 

NEW TOOLS 

Eagle compass, skew knife, 45° triangle, pulp desk board or 
desk top, water colors, slate or wooden board, cloth to moisten clay, 
sponge, shoe knife. 

Simple hand loom, suitable to the school room, with shuttle, 
heddle and winding device. 

APPLIED DESIGN 

Use seeds pods, grasses, flowers, and fruit with suitable adapta- 
tions. 

Use water colors to work out motives for clay constructions. 



14 The Ohio State University 

SUGGESTIONS 

Farm wagon, sled and plow. Work out some of the things which 
Robinson Crusoe found necessary fur his home. 

Illustrate food processes, for example: grinding of meal by hand; 
butter; cheese; yeast making and drying fruit. 

Ant house, soil box. 

Use baskets for flowers and school garden products. 

Holiday gifts. Representative groups in clay, such as: bird's 
nest, plate of fruit, Greek athletes, King Arthur's Tournament. 

FOURTH GRADE 

CARDBOARD 

Evolution of geometric solids with their application to useful ob- 
jects. Use measurements to ^ inch. 

Elementary Book Binding, such as: assembling, sewing, gluing 
on super and cover, placing sheets, use of paste plate, pasting, lining 
and book covers, shaping, fitting and finishing. Repairing books. 

TEXTII.ES 
Raffia knotting, forming raffia baskets, five strand braid. 

WOOD WORKING 

Straight edge cut, cross grain cut, diagonal cut, convex cut, 
concave cut. 

Whittling, sawing, planing edges with shooting-board, chip 
carving. 

Properties of different woods and consideration of third 
dimension. 

MATERIAI.S 

Folding bristol. Straw, cloth, pulp and jute boards, leatherette, 
cambric cover, lining, book and marble papers. Hemp cord, linen 
thread, onion skin paper, book binder's glue and linen. 

Round reed Nos. 2 and 4. Raffia, natural and colored rug, 
needles. 

^, ]4- and Yi inch bass wood or red cedar, sandpaper, glue, brads 
water stains. 

NEW TOOIvS 
Whittling knife, back saw, brush, try square, coping saw, shoot- 
ing board, carver's punch, block plane, brad awl, gimlets, hammer, 
desk top. 



College op Education 15 

Sheet iron for paste plates and for replacing loose leaves, sewing 
frame, press, needles, cutter, sponge, mallet, punches, water colors, 
pen and ink. 

APPIvIED DESIGN 

Development drawing made full size, y^ size or % size. Make 
simple view drawings of problems in wood to show third dimension. 

Terms used: — center line, full line, dash line, dimensioning line. 

Study examples of the following principles as needed in carrying 
the necessary qualities of good design: — Order, balance, proportion, 
repetition, radiation, symmetry. 

Geometric forms, natural forms, conventional forms. 

SUGGESTIONS 

Grain elevator, freight cars, and boats made in paper to illustrate 
work in geography — transportation. 

Rain gauge, soil boxes, lighthouse. 

Block house, relief maps in clay and sand, log house, sail boat, 
flail, braker, carder, cotton gin, loom, shuttle, and heddle as needed 
in the study of weaving. 

Fulton's boat, catapult, doghouse, stained glass windows, holiday 
gifts. 

Make Hiawatha's bow, arrows, canoe, wigwam, and beaver dam, 
butter-fly net and mounting board. 

FIFTH GRADE 

TEXTILES 

Raffia knotting, crochet stitch baskets, work bag, raffia pillow, 
reed mats, splint mats, raffia hats, cane chair seats, reed waste baskets, 
reed weaving. 

LEATHER 

Cutting, paring, gluing, embossing, tooling, staining, incising, 
carving, applique. 

Note book, card case, napkin ring, pocket book, magazine cover, 
table mats, table covers, shopping bag, porch pillow covers, belts. 

KNIFE WORK PERIOD — WOOD WORKING 

Continuation of the principles brought out in the fourth grade, 
but involving larger constructions. 



i6 The Ohio State University 

I^aying out work, shaping, fitting, assembling, finishing, decorat- 
ing, and care of tools. 

I/Ctter box, paper knife, easel, ring toss, fox and geese board, 
checkerboard, bird house, windmill, kites, tip cat, bat, wagon, toy- 
furniture, wheelbarrow. 

MATERIAI^ 

Reed Nos. i, 2, 3, 4 and 6. Rafl&a, natural and colored. 

Sheep skin, split cow hide, ooze calf skin, russia calf skin, stains, 
linen thread and silk. 

Basswood, %, %, y% and % inch, and red cedar, pine, white wood, 
tissue paper, string, screws, water stains, wax polish. 

NEW TOOLS 

Darning needles, Slate, 9x12 inches, punches, sewing needles, 
paring knife 

Chip carving knife, veining chisel, desk top, oil stone. 

SUGGESTIONS 

Papier mache relief maps. 

Make a large wood doll house for first grade, also child's size 
hammock. Wind mill with pump attached. Canal locks and boats. 

Construct simple science apparatus as: levers, inclined plane, 
siphon, suction pump, pop gun, barometer, and pulleys. 

Representation of the hoine of the Mound Builders, Cliff Dwel- 
lers, Indians, Philippino natives, Puritans, Kansas settlers. 

SIXTH GRADE 

TEXTILES 
Domestic art for girls. Raffia knotting, fancy hats. 

METAL WORK 

Sheet metal, bending, hammering, forming, embossing, punch- 
ing, cutting, chasing, soldering, sawing, etching and finishing. 

Trays, sconce, lamp shades, lanterns, letter box, copper bowl, 
clasps, candle shade, clock case, blotter corners, spoons, platter, pen 
rack, easel. Bridge (bent iron) vase holder, picture frame. 

WOOD WORKING 

Shaping of thick, soft wood. Planing, sawing, squaring, boring, 
chamfering, nailing, box construction, carving, punching, veining, 
chipping, staining, polishing, shellacking. 



College of Education 17 

Rule, trellis, sun stick, lever and fulcrum, swing board, teapot 
stand, bread board, whisk broom holder, scouring board, sleeve board, 
coat hanger, twine holder, shelves, egg rack, wind mill, flower stand, 
paper file, magazine rack, news stand. 

MATERIALS 

^ and yl inch white wood, ^ inch pine, >^ inch gum or bass 
wood, orange, shellac, linseed oil, nails, sandpaper, ground colors, 
Vandyke brown, ochre, bone black. 

Soft sheet copper, brass, tin, gauge, Nos. 21 to 24. 20, 10 and 6 
penny nails, emery cloth, soldering materials, venttian b^it iron, 
bronze binders, lacquer, raffia, needles, thread. 

NEW TOOI.S 

Wood shop equipment — smoothing plane, carpenter's rnle, rip and 
cross cut saws, brace and bit, turning saw, nail set, spoke shave, 
brushes, shellac cans. 

Pitch block, mallet, blocks of soft and hard wood for anvils, snips, 
files, hack saw, pliers, soldering iron, hammers, pincers, rivet set, 
vise, s'^nd bag, metal saw. 

APPLIED DESIGN 
Constructive design of problems in wood work. 

Detail working drawings from blackboard, blue print, and objects. 
Scale work. 

Two view assembly working drawings. Working sketches. 

All problems to be designed by the individual student. 

SUGGESTIONS 

Use trellis, window box, etc., in c<jnnection with the school 
garden . 

Study of the lumber industry and its tools. Model of a saw mill. 

Lumber raft, water wheel, over-shot, under-shot, breast and 
sluices. 

Colonial house, prairie schooner. Relief maps. Hygrometer. 

Soldering and mending tinwaie. 

Make simple untensils for the school kitchen. Specimen cases. 

SEVENTH GRADE 

WOOD WORKING 
Working face, working edge, squaring ends, chamfering, using 
common joints in easy construction, end laps, gauging, squaring, 
Siwing, planing, chiseling, finishing. 



i8 The Ohio State University 

Picture frame, easel, book rack, foot stool, blotting-pad, hat rack, 
knife box. salt box, window box, doll cradle, bread board, bench 
hook, knife strap, sleeve board, box, tool rack, loom, coat and trouser 
hanger, card file. 

MATERIAI.S 

f^ inch red cedar, red wood, sweet gum, poplar or chestnut, j^ 
and y^ inch pine, whitewood, ash or chestnut, screws, dowel-pins, 
shellac, wood filler, stains, polishing wax. 

NEW TOOIvS 

Bench and equipment: — back saw, planes, marking gauge, chisels, 
screw driver, mallet, hammer, shooting board, wing di aiders, counter 
sink, brace and bits, oil stone and strap. 

APPLIED DESIGN 

Constructive design of problem, decorations, design. 

SUGGESTIONS 
Sand tray, specimen box, phj'sics apparatus, drawing board. 

EIGHTH GRADE 

WOOD WORKING 

Elementary joinery, cabinet work, sharpening tools. 

Ink stand, pin tray, card plate, tool handle, glove stretcher, 
turning saw frame, loom, canoe paddle, towel rack, plate rack, neck- 
tie rack, tabourette, table, sled, magazine rack, book case, stamp box, 
stationery box, waste basket, medicine cabinet. 

MATERIAI^S 

Pine, sweet gum, oak, ash, chestnut, mahogany. Screws, glue, 
stains, fillers, shellac, varnish, wax. 

DESIGN 

Original projects, requiring: planning, laying out, shaping, 
mortise and tenon, clamping, doweling, carving. 

SUGGESTIONS 

Chest, shoe box, letter box, lamp, hall seat, piano bench, physics 
apparatus, foot rest, pressing board, cane rack, umbrella rack, hall 
clock, shaving cabinet, writing desk, sev/ing table. 



MAY 27 1312 



The Ohio State University Bulletin is issued at 
least twenty times during the year; monthly in July, 
August, September and June, and bi-weekly in Oc- 
tober, November, December, January, February, 
March, April, and May. 



[AifidS 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESb ^1 



019 744 373 k 



^■^ Crtm. 



